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Research Directions

01

Nano-Scale Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Develop advanced nano-scale synchrotron X-ray imaging under extreme conditions to visualize pressure-induced structural and phase evolution in materials with nanometer-scale spatial resolution.

Nano-CTDACLower Mantle
Representative Work

Interconnected Iron Melt Network in Earth’s Lower Mantle

Shi, C. Y. et al. Nat. Geosci. 6, 971–975 (2013)

Method Highlight

Nano-scale synchrotron X-ray computed tomography in laser-heated diamond anvil cells.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed how molten iron forms interconnected pathways at lower mantle conditions, supporting percolation-driven Earth core formation.

XANESTomographyPhase Transition
Representative Work

Five-Dimensional Imaging of High-Pressure Phase Transition

Liu, Y. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 043108 (2014)

Method Highlight

Five-dimensional XANES tomography combining spatial, spectral, and pressure-resolved imaging.

Key Scientific Question

Directly visualized nanoscale high-/low-pressure phase coexistence and interface dynamics during pressure-induced transitions in BiNiO₃.

02

Metallic Glass and Amorphous Materials under High Pressure

Investigate pressure-driven structural transitions, electronic evolution, and emergent quantum phenomena in amorphous and glassy materials using in situ extreme-condition probes.

AmorphousSuperconductivityMetavalent Bonding
Representative Work

Pressure-Induced Superconductivity in Amorphous Sb₂Se₃

Zhang, K. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 127002 (2021)

Method Highlight

Combined high-pressure experiments with ab initio simulations to correlate local atomic motifs and superconductivity.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed that high-density amorphous phases and metavalent bonding trigger emergent superconductivity in disordered systems.

Synchrotron XRDHDAPhase-Change Materials
Representative Work

Multiple Phase Transitions in Amorphous Sc-Doped Sb₂Te₃

Zhang, T. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 116, 021903 (2020)

Method Highlight

In situ high-pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction tracking amorphous-to-HDA-to-BCC transformations.

Key Scientific Question

Clarified the pressure-driven phase evolution and metallic transition mechanisms in ultrafast phase-change nanocomposites.

Liquid–Liquid TransitionRamanSulfur
Representative Work

Liquid–Liquid Transition and Chain Breakage in Sulfur

Zhang, L. et al. Sci. Rep. 8, 4558 (2018)

Method Highlight

High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with Raman spectroscopy for structural diagnostics.

Key Scientific Question

Discovered polymeric chain breakage and re-entrant λ-transition behavior linking amorphous sulfur to its parent liquid structure.

03

Superconductivity under High Pressure

Investigate pressure-engineered superconductivity in low-dimensional, elemental, amorphous, and strongly correlated materials through coupled structural, electronic, and quantum-state tuning.

Sub-direction 1: Ising Superconductivity

Ising SCSOCCDW
Representative Work

Enhanced Ising Superconductivity in 4Hb-TaS₂

Yan, L. et al. npj Quantum Mater. 10, 104 (2025)

Method Highlight

Combined high-pressure transport, synchrotron XRD, Hall measurements, and theoretical calculations.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed how pressure-enhanced interlayer and spin–orbit coupling optimize Ising superconductivity and suppress competing CDW orders.

vdW HeterostructureDouble DomeInterlayer Coupling
Representative Work

Double Superconducting Dome in 6R-TaS₂ Heterostructure

Yan, L. et al. Nano Lett. 24, 6002–6009 (2024)

Method Highlight

Pressure-controlled tuning of interlayer coupling in non-centrosymmetric van der Waals heterostructures.

Key Scientific Question

Discovered an unprecedented double superconducting dome driven by competing interlayer-coupled CDW and superconducting states.

Sub-direction 2: Elemental Superconductivity

MegabarElemental TiElectron–Phonon Coupling
Representative Work

Record Tc in Megabar δ-Ti

Liu, X. et al. Phys. Rev. B 105, 224511 (2022)

Method Highlight

Megabar-pressure superconductivity measurements combined with first-principles electron–phonon calculations.

Key Scientific Question

Achieved record-high Tc in transition metals and identified pressure-enhanced electron–phonon coupling as the origin of robust superconductivity.

Sub-direction 3: Amorphous Superconductivity

Disordered MaterialsHDAAb Initio
Representative Work

Superconductivity in Amorphous Sb₂Se₃

Zhang, K. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 127002 (2021)

Method Highlight

High-pressure structural characterization combined with ab initio simulations of local atomic motifs.

Key Scientific Question

Demonstrated that high-density amorphous phases and metavalent bonding induce superconductivity in disordered materials.

Sub-direction 4: Nickelate Superconductivity

NickelateXRD/XASOrbital Hybridization
Representative Work

High-Pressure Structure of La₄Ni₃O₁₀−δ

Li, N. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 43717–43726 (2025)

Method Highlight

In situ high-pressure/low-temperature XRD and XAS across wide pressure–temperature conditions.

Key Scientific Question

Clarified how structural distortion and Ni–O orbital hybridization govern superconducting states in trilayer nickelates.

04

Pressure-Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties

Use pressure as a clean thermodynamic tuning parameter to manipulate lattice distortion, electronic structure, and charge dynamics for enhanced nonlinear optical, ferroelectric photovoltaic, and photoluminescence functionalities.

Sub-direction 1: Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Properties

SHGPerovskiteBandgap
Representative Work

Pressure-Enhanced SHG in CsGeCl₃ Perovskite

Qu, J. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 147, 6717–6726 (2025)

Method Highlight

Developed high-pressure single-crystal angle-resolved polarization SHG measurements combined with synchrotron XRD and Raman spectroscopy.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed that octahedral distortion and bandgap closing synergistically enhance nonlinear optical response under pressure.

Hybrid PerovskiteHydrogen BondingNLO
Representative Work

Organic–Inorganic Interaction Enhanced SHG in MHyPbBr₃

Mao, Y. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 23842 (2023)

Method Highlight

Pressure-tuned organic–inorganic coupling combined with structural and optical characterization.

Key Scientific Question

Demonstrated that strengthened hydrogen bonding and framework distortion dramatically amplify SHG intensity in hybrid perovskites.

Sub-direction 2: Ferroelectric Photovoltaic (FPV) Properties

PhotocurrentFerroelectric DomainsSwitching
Representative Work

Pressure-Tuned Ferroelectric Photocurrent Relaxation in BaFe₄O₇

Guan, J. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 126, 141902 (2025)

Method Highlight

High-pressure photocurrent dynamics measurements in ferroelectric single crystals.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed pressure-controlled ferroelectric domain relaxation and ultralow-pressure tuning of photoelectric switching behavior.

FPVCharge TransferMultiferroic
Representative Work

Enhanced Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Effect in BaFe₄O₇

Guan, J. et al. Adv. Sci. e11022 (2025)

Method Highlight

Combined high-pressure structural, electronic, and photocurrent investigations.

Key Scientific Question

Demonstrated that pressure-induced charge transfer simultaneously optimizes polarization and bandgap in multiferroic photovoltaics.

Visible-Light PhotocurrentPhase TransitionPolarization
Representative Work

Pressure-Enhanced Photoelectricity in KBiFe₂O₅

Zhang, G. et al. Adv. Electron. Mater. 3, 1600498 (2017)

Method Highlight

In situ high-pressure synchrotron XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations.

Key Scientific Question

Achieved simultaneous enhancement of ferroelectric polarization and visible-light photocurrent via pressure-induced phase transition.

Sub-direction 3: Photoluminescence (PL) Enhancement

Tri-Color PLSymmetry BreakingPyrochlore
Representative Work

Tri-Color PL Enhancement in Ho₂Sn₂O₇

Zhao, Y. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 245701 (2020)

Method Highlight

Pressure-treatment-induced symmetry engineering combined with PL spectroscopy.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed that symmetry breaking and orbital hybridization activate strong multiband photoluminescence in pyrochlore systems.

Visible PLBandgap ReversalLattice Distortion
Representative Work

Pressure-Induced Visible PL in La₂Sn₂O₇

Zhao, Y. et al. Adv. Mater. 29, 1701513 (2017)

Method Highlight

In situ high-pressure photoluminescence and structural evolution measurements.

Key Scientific Question

Demonstrated that lattice distortion and bandgap reversal trigger abnormal visible-light photoluminescence enhancement.

Time-Resolved PLMixed HalidePhase Separation
Representative Work

Pressure Suppression of Phase Separation in CsPb(IxBr1−x)₃

Wu, D. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 124, 031109 (2024)

Method Highlight

Time-resolved PL spectroscopy under combined laser illumination and quasi-hydrostatic pressure.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed that mild pressure effectively suppresses light-induced phase separation in mixed-halide perovskites.

05

High-Pressure Technique Development

Develop and apply advanced high-pressure experimental methods—including coherent diffraction imaging, extended X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and shock-compression techniques—to probe nanoscale structure, strain, and dynamic transformations under extreme conditions.

Sub-direction 1: Coherent Diffraction Imaging (CDI)

CDIHexagonal DiamondHP–HT
Representative Work

Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk Hexagonal Diamond

Yang, L. et al. Nature 644, 370–375 (2025)

Method Highlight

Quasi-hydrostatic high-pressure–temperature synthesis with structural characterization via CDI-enabled nanoscale imaging.

Key Scientific Question

Achieved bulk highly ordered hexagonal diamond and elucidated atomic-scale intergrowths and bond optimization in extreme P–T conditions.

BCDIStrain MappingNanocrystals
Representative Work

Deformation Twinning of Silver Nanocrystals

Huang, X. et al. Nano Lett. 15, 7644–7649 (2015)

Method Highlight

In situ 3D Bragg coherent diffraction imaging to map morphology and strain evolution at nanoscale under high pressure.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed real-time lattice distortion and twinning in single nanocrystals, providing insights into stress-driven nanoscale deformation mechanisms.

Sub-direction 2: High-Pressure EXAFS / NPD Development

EXAFSNano-Diamond AnvilsLocal Structure
Representative Work

High-Pressure EXAFS of Crystalline Ge Using Nanocrystalline Diamond Anvils

Phys. Rev. B 84, 014111

Method Highlight

Nanocrystalline diamond anvils expand energy range and remove glitches in EXAFS measurements under high pressure.

Key Scientific Question

Enabled precise structural determination beyond first coordination shells, crucial for amorphous and poorly crystalline systems.

XAS~4000 eVAnvil Design
Work in Progress

Extended High-Pressure XAS to ~4000 eV

Nana Li, Jiayi Guan

Method Highlight

Design of specialized diamond anvils extending high-pressure XAS measurements to ~4000 eV.

Key Scientific Question

Overcome traditional mid-low energy limitations of high-pressure X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

Sub-direction 3: Shock-Compression Techniques

Laser ShockFast XRDML-MD
Representative Work

Nanosecond Structural Evolution in Shocked Coesite

Feng, X. et al. Sci. Adv. 11, eads3139 (2025)

Method Highlight

Laser-driven shock combined with fast XRD and machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations.

Key Scientific Question

Revealed transient dense supercooled liquid formation and complex phase transitions in coesite under shock.

950 GPaHugoniotPlanetary Interiors
Representative Work

Shock Compression of Coesite up to 950 GPa

Feng, X. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51, e2024GL109873 (2024)

Method Highlight

Megabar-range laser shock compression with Hugoniot and temperature measurements.

Key Scientific Question

Provided unique insights into extreme-pressure silica properties, superheating effects, and implications for early planetary interiors.